The software Pro/E was adopted to create a three-dimensional physical model of the virtual prototype of a single bucket backhoe hydraulic excavator work device. The model was transferred into ADAMS to build a virtual prototype of the work device. A work cycle of excavator work device, as well as the tangential force, the normal force and the gravitational force of the materials was successfully simulated by using the function step. With the simulation, load-time curves of three hinge points whose articulated stresses are more complex were obtained. The research has provided the basis for the design of the excavator devices.